Recent research was done by the Epifanova and colleagues in 2021 examining the way the neocortex controls cognitive, linguistic, and voluntary movement activities. The most common kind of neuron in the brain is a neocortical pyramidal excitatory neuron. These neurons' apical dendrites travel parallel to and perpendicular to the pia in both directions. The structure allows the dendritic arbor's numerous layers and components to be linked to one another due to its stiffness. Long-range cortical input, for example, situated on distal apical dendrites, has an impact on layer II/III neurons, while short-range cortical input is mainly found on basal dendrites. Changes in excitatory neuron arborizations in the neocortex are often linked with cognitive deficits in humans. According to the most recent studies, the molecular mechanisms that underpin precise morphological and functional organisation in the neocortex are still not fully understood (Epifanova et al., 2021).
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